Author: qnasb27

Serological tests play a crucial role in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases by: 1. Detecting autoantibodies: Identifying specific antibodies against self-antigens, indicating an autoimmune response....

The complement fixation test (CFT) is a serological test used to detect the presence of specific antibodies or antigens in a patient's serum. Here's how it's used: 1. Principle: The test is based on the...

Control samples are used in serological assays to: 1. Validate test performance: Ensure the test is working correctly and producing accurate results. 2. Detect cross-reactivity: Identify non-specific...

Cross-reactivity in serological testing refers to the phenomenon where an antibody reacts with an antigen other than the one it was raised against, due to similarities in their molecular structures. This...

Direct and indirect immunoassays are laboratory techniques used to detect and measure antigens or antibodies. The main difference between them is the method of detection: Direct Immunoassay: 1. Labelled...

Serological tests are essential in blood typing to: 1. Determine ABO blood group: Identify the presence or absence of A and B antigens on red blood cells (RBCs) using anti-A and anti-B antibodies. 2....

Serological testing has limitations in diagnosing infectious diseases, including: 1. False negatives: Early infection, immune suppression, or poor immune response can lead to false-negative results....

Serological tests play a crucial role in monitoring the progression of chronic infections by: 1. Tracking antibody levels: Measuring changes in antibody titers over time helps assess the immune response...

Agglutination tests play a significant role in serology as they help detect and identify antibodies or antigens in a patient's serum. Here's how: 1. Antibody detection: Agglutination tests detect the...

The key differences between primary and secondary immune responses detectable by serology are: Primary Immune Response: 1. Slow onset: Takes 7-10 days to develop 2. Low antibody titer: Initial antibody...

The hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test is a serological test used to identify influenza strains by measuring the ability of antibodies to inhibit the hemagglutination reaction between influenza viruses...

Several factors can affect the accuracy of serological test results, including: 1. Test sensitivity and specificity: The test's ability to detect true positives and true negatives. 2. Sample quality...

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a laboratory technique used to measure the concentration of specific molecules, such as hormones, antibodies, or antigens, in a sample. The principle behind RIA is based on the...

Serological testing can detect latent infections by identifying antibodies or immune responses to specific pathogens, even if the individual is not currently showing symptoms. Here's how: 1. IgG antibodies:...

Based on the serological test results, the most likely diagnosis is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Here's how the serological findings guide the diagnosis: 1. Positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)...

Here are the early signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer: 1. Pelvic or abdominal pain: Persistent pain or discomfort in the pelvic or abdominal area. 2. Bloating or feeling full: Feeling full or bloated...

Menopause is the natural biological process in women that marks the end of the reproductive period, characterized by the cessation of menstruation. It is clinically defined as: 1. Amenorrhea: The absence...

Jestionnal diabetes during pregnancy requires careful management to ensure a healthy outcome for both mother and baby. Here are the management strategies: 1. Dietary changes: Eating a balanced diet, focusing...

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs like the kidneys and liver. Diagnosis involves: 1. Blood pressure monitoring: Regular checks for high...

A bicornuate uterus is a rare congenital condition where the uterus has two distinct horns or cavities, instead of the typical single cavity. This can affect pregnancy in several ways: 1. Miscarriage:...