What are the primary risk factors for developing osteoarthritis?

The primary risk factors for developing osteoarthritis (OA) include:

1. Age: OA is a degenerative condition that increases with age, especially after 65.

2. Genetics: Family history and genetic predisposition play a significant role in OA development.

3. Obesity: Excess weight puts additional stress on joints, particularly in the hips, knees, and spine.

4. Previous Joint Injuries: Trauma or surgeries can increase the risk of OA in affected joints.

5. Repetitive Stress: Occupations or activities involving repetitive joint movements (e.g., construction, sports) can lead to OA.

6. Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of exercise and physical activity contributes to joint stiffness and OA.

7. Muscle Weakness: Weak muscles surrounding joints can lead to poor joint alignment and increased stress.

8. Poor Joint Alignment: Abnormalities in joint shape or alignment (e.g., knock knees, bowlegs) increase OA risk.

9. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations during menopause or other endocrine disorders may contribute to OA.

10. Nutritional Factors: Poor diet, vitamin D deficiency, and inadequate calcium intake may increase OA risk.

11. Other Medical Conditions: Certain conditions, such as diabetes, gout, or rheumatoid arthritis, can increase the risk of developing OA.

While some risk factors can’t be changed (age, genetics), others can be modified or managed to reduce the risk of developing osteoarthritis.