What are the main risk factors associated with glaucoma, and how can individuals reduce their risk?

Main risk factors associated with glaucoma:

1. Age: Over 40 years old (risk increases with age)
2. Family history: First-degree relatives with glaucoma
3. Ethnicity: African, Asian, or Hispanic descent
4. High intraocular pressure (IOP): Greater than 21 mmHg
5. Thin corneas: Central corneal thickness less than 555 μm
6. Myopia: High levels of nearsightedness
7. Diabetes: Especially with diabetic retinopathy
8. Hypertension: Uncontrolled high blood pressure
9. Obesity: High body mass index (BMI)
10. Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of physical activity
11. Smoking: Active or passive smoking
12. Trauma: Eye injuries or surgeries
13. Steroid use: Prolonged use of corticosteroids

To reduce the risk of glaucoma:

1. Regular eye exams: Every 2-3 years after age 40
2. Maintain a healthy weight: Through diet and exercise
3. Exercise regularly: At least 30 minutes of moderate activity daily
4. Don’t smoke: Quit or avoid smoking
5. Manage chronic conditions: Control diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol
6. Wear eye protection: During sports or activities with eye injury risk
7. Limit steroid use: Only use corticosteroids as directed by a doctor
8. Get enough sleep: Aim for 7-8 hours of sleep per night

Early detection and treatment can significantly reduce the risk of vision loss from glaucoma. If you have any of these risk factors, consult with an eye care professional for personalized advice.