Regarding total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD), which of the
following are true?
a) The supracardiac type is the most common
b) The left atrium is not enlarged
c) The infracardiac type may drain into the hepatic veins
d) Pulmonary oedema in the presence of a normal size heart is a feature
of cardiac type TAPVD
e) There is an association with scimitar syndrome
The correct answers are:
a) The supracardiac type is the most common
c) The infracardiac type may drain into the hepatic veins
e) There is an association with scimitar syndrome
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage (TAPVD) is a congenital heart defect where all four pulmonary veins drain into the right atrium or its tributaries instead of the left atrium.