In tetralogy of Fallot, which of the following are true?
a) Pulmonary artery hypoplasia an associated finding
b) Right-sided aortic arch is present in 5% of cases
c) Right ventricular hypertrophy is a feature of antenatal scanning at midtrimester
d) The most common associated coronary artery variant is an anomalous origin of the left anterior descending artery
e) The aortic root over-rides the ventriculoseptal defect
The correct answers are:
a) Pulmonary artery hypoplasia is an associated finding
b) Right-sided aortic arch is present in 25% of cases (not 5%)
e) The aortic root overrides the ventriculoseptal defect
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect characterized by:
– Pulmonary artery hypoplasia (a) is a common associated finding
– Right-sided aortic arch (b) occurs in about 25% of cases
– Aortic root override (e) is a hallmark of TOF, where the aortic root sits directly over the ventricular septal defect (VSD)