How does emphysema impact overall lung function and respiratory health?

Emphysema significantly impacts overall lung function and respiratory health by:

1. Damaging alveoli: Emphysema destroys alveoli, the tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs, reducing lung surface area.
2. Reducing lung elasticity: Emphysema causes lung tissue to lose elasticity, making breathing harder.
3. Increasing airway resistance: Emphysema narrows airways, making breathing more difficult.
4. Decreasing oxygen levels: Emphysema reduces oxygen transfer from lungs to bloodstream.
5. Increasing carbon dioxide levels: Emphysema reduces carbon dioxide removal from bloodstream.
6. Leading to chronic shortness of breath: Emphysema causes persistent and progressive shortness of breath.
7. Increasing risk of respiratory infections: Emphysema weakens lungs, making them more susceptible to infections.
8. Impact on exercise and physical activity: Emphysema limits exercise tolerance and daily activities.