Myocarditis may be associated with:
A. residual myocardial fibrosis
B. elevated serum creatine phosphokinase
C. many viral infections
D. bacterial exotoxemia
E. all of the above
The correct answer is:
E. all of the above
Myocarditis, inflammation of the heart muscle, can be associated with:
A. Residual myocardial fibrosis: Scarring of the heart tissue can occur after myocarditis, leading to potential long-term complications.
B. Elevated serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK): CPK is an enzyme released by damaged heart muscle, so elevated levels can indicate myocarditis.
C. Many viral infections: Viruses such as coxsackievirus, adenovirus, and influenza can cause myocarditis.
D. Bacterial exotoxemia: Certain bacterial toxins, like those from Streptococcus or Staphylococcus, can cause myocarditis.
Myocarditis can have various causes, including viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, as well as autoimmune and toxic factors. The association with these factors can lead to a range of complications and outcomes.