Systemic arterial hypertension leads to:

Systemic arterial hypertension primarily leads to left ventricular hypertrophy (A). Chronic high blood pressure causes the left ventricle to work harder to pump blood, resulting in its thickening. It does not typically increase the incidence of infective endocarditis (B), which is usually associated with conditions that affect the heart valves or with intravenous drug use. Therefore, the correct answer is:

A. left ventricular hypertrophy