How is jaundice diagnosed in newborns versus adults?

Newborns (0-3 months):

1. Visual inspection: Healthcare providers look for yellowing of skin and eyes.
2. Bilirubin level checks: Blood tests measure bilirubin levels, usually within 24-48 hours after birth.
3. Transcutaneous bilirubinometry: A non-invasive device measures bilirubin levels through the skin.
4. Kernicterus screening: Assessing risk factors for kernicterus (brain damage due to high bilirubin).

Adults:

1. Medical history: Healthcare providers assess symptoms, medical history, and risk factors.
2. Physical examination: Looking for yellowing of skin and eyes, liver enlargement, and other signs.
3. Blood tests: Measuring bilirubin, liver enzymes (e.g., ALT, AST), and other markers.
4. Imaging studies: Ultrasound, CT, or MRI scans to evaluate liver and bile ducts.
5. Liver function tests: Assessing liver function and potential damage.
6. Endoscopy: Examining the bile ducts and liver wi