How does the skin barrier function in individuals with atopic dermatitis differ from those without the condition?
In individuals with atopic dermatitis, the skin barrier function is impaired due to several factors:
1. Genetic Mutations: Mutations in genes like FLG (filaggrin) lead to a compromised skin barrier, reducing the skin’s ability to retain moisture and defend against environmental irritants and allergens.
2. Increased Permeability: The skin barrier becomes more permeable, allowing allergens, irritants, and microbes to penetrate more easily, which can exacerbate inflammation and itching.
3. Disrupted Lipid Layer: Abnormalities in the production and composition of lipids, which are crucial for maintaining the skin barrier, result in dryness and increased susceptibility to irritants.
These factors collectively contribute to the chronic inflammation and discomfort associated with atopic dermatitis.